Lab Activity: Speed of Sound

For today's class, we did a lab activity involving the speed of sound. Using a 1000-mL graduated cylinder, a glass tube that was approximately 40cm in length and 3.5cm in diameter, water, metric ruler, thermometer (non-mercury), 3 tuning forks with different frequencies, and also a tuning fork mallet, we were able to do perform the lab.

The objectives of this lab:
- Collect and organize data to obtain resonant points in a closed pipe.
- Measure the length of a closed resonator.
- Analyze the date to determine the speed of sound.

To perform the lab, measure the air temperature inside the glass tube, as well as its diameter, that is placed inside the water-filled graduated cylinder. Once this is done, strike the tuning fork, while holding it by the base, and place the vibrating fork over the open end of the glass. Then slowly raise the glass tube and the fork until you hear the loudest sound produced. Once you've figured this out, measure the distance from the water to the top of the glass tube and record this data.

*To completely figure out how to do this lab, the objectives and procedures are found on pages 28-30.
*Questions for this lab is found on page 30.

NOTE: This lab is due on the day of our test, which maybe next week. The whole booklet will be handed-in that day.
: For tomorrow's class, pages 26-27 (# 10-16 ) of the Sound Unit booklet will be checked.

Next scribe: Eric Vitug

Dynamics: Some Types of Forces and Free-Body Diagrams

For today's class, we started the class by discussing the table found on page 36 and answering the questions related to Newton's second law of motion on pages 37 and 38. We later on discussed some types of forces (page 9) and free-body diagrams (pages 13-16).

Page 36: The table shows observations, predictions, assumptions, and diagrams of Galileo's Thought Experiment on Motion. The overall experiment states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by an external force.

Types of Forces:
a. Friction- contact force that acts to oppose sliding motion between surfaces.
b. Normal- contact force exerted by a surface on an object.
c. Spring- restoring force; the push or pull a spring exerts on an object.
d. Tension- pull exerted by a string, rope, or cable when attached to a body and pulled taut.
e. Thrust- forces that move objects such as rockets, planes, cars, and people.
f. Weight- long-ranged force due to gravitational attraction between 2 objects, generally earth and an object

Free- Body Diagrams:
What is a free-body diagram? A free- body diagram is a diagram that represents an object and all the forces acting on it. To learn how to draw free-body diagrams check pages 13 to 16. These pages provide strategies on how draw a free- body diagrams and some situations in which free- body diagrams can be drawn.

Ms. K then told us to answer pages 27 and 40. We later on checked our answers and then Ms. K assigned us to do pages 41 and 42 for homework. She also gave back our kinematics test.
*for pages 41 and 42- do not do the drawings with an inclined plane
*Also remember since it's staff meeting day, there will be no afternoon classes.

Next Scribe for Wednesday's class: Dwightlord